Drum making machine



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DRUM MAKING MACHINE Filed March 18, 1953 ll Sheets-Sheet 9 ON QQE n I) avwemtoz JOSLPHFATSCH J. F. ESCH DRUM MAKING MACHINE May 12, 1936.

Filed March 18, 1933 ll Sheets-Sheet l0 Patented May 12, 1936 UNITED STATES DRUM MAKING MACHINE Joseph F. Esch, Port Neches, Tex., assignor to The Texas Company, New York, N. Y., a corporation of Delaware Application March 18, 1933, Serial No. 661,552

18 Claims.

This invention relates to drum making machines and especially to machines of this type in which automatic operation takes the place of the manual .operation required in the present machines.

In various industries there is a demand for drums having metal bodies and bottoms and capable of being closed for shipment by the simple expediency of inserting a more or less temporary closure in the open end of each drum. In the petroleum industry, for example, drums of this type are used for the shipment of asphalt and they are sealed after filling by inserting temporary wooden heads in the open ends of the drums. Obviously, the temporary heads must be held securely in position during shipment and at the same time be easily removed when it is desired to remove the contents of the drums. Heretofore the machines for making such drums have necessitated many manual operations thereby resulting in a costly product.

Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a drum making machine of improved design and one which, to a large extent, operates automatically thereby providing an economical machine for making such drums.

Another object of the invention is to automatically roll a cylindrical body and bottom plate together to form an open top drum and at the same time form the top end of the drum in such a manner that after filling, the drum be closed by applying a temporary or removable cover.

The present invention contemplates the use of preformed bottoms and preformed body portions.

In accordance with the present invention these and other objects are attained by a machine equipped with a drum holder which is adapted and arranged to engage the preformed body por-'- tion to hold the latter in position during the application of the bottom plate and while the top end is being bent to accommodate the temporary cover. A swing carriage on which the preformed bottom plate is placed by hand, or otherwise, is adapted and arranged to be swung into position adjacent the bottom end of the drum. A plurality of bending and forming rollers are provided for joining the bottom plate to the bottom end of the drum and for bending the top end of the drum to permit a temporary cover to be held thereon. The operations of the swing carriage and the bending and forming rollers are timed and synchronized by the use of a series of coordinated cams which are assembled on a cam block and one figure of the accompanying drawings, presently to be described, is devoted to a polar coordinate diagram which 11- lustrates the succession, duration, stroke and character of every operation of the machine in turning out one finished drum.

In the drawings which form a part of this application there is illustrated a preferred embodiment of the invention, and

Fig. 1 is a view in side elevation of the machine.

- Fig. 2 is a view in side elevation of the opposite side of the machine from Fig. 1.

Figs. 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 are views in vertical section taken onthe lines 3.3, 4-4, 55, 6--6, 3-8, 99, llll0, II-ll and l2l2, respectively of Fig. 1.

Fig. 7 is a view of a vertical section taken on line 1-1 of Fig. 8.

Fig. 13 is a view of a horizontal section taken on the line I3-I3 of Fig. 1.

Figs. 14, 15 and 16 are enlarged detail views of regulating mechanism.

Fig. 17 is a longitudinal sectional view of a preformed cylinder.

Fig. 18 is a transverse sectional view of a preformed cylinder.

Fig. 19 is a front and sectional view of a preformed bottom.

Fig. 20 is a schematic view showing the position of the rollers during the flange forming operation. I

Fig. 21 is a schematic view to illustrate the travel of the swing carriage when placing a preformed bottom adjacent the flange on the bottom of the drum.

Fig. 22 is a view showing the joint between the preformed bottom and flange on the cylindrical body and the roller for rolling this joint.

Fig. 22A- is a view showing the joint illustrated in Fig. 22 after being rolled.

Fig. 23 is a view showing the rolled joint between the preformed bottom and the flange and the roller for flattening this joint.

Fig. 23A is a view of the flattened joint after rolling.

Fig 24 is a view showing the top of the drum and the rolls for bending the top.

Fig. 24A is a view of the bent top.

Fig. 25 is a view showing the bent top of the drum, and the rolls for rolling the bent top.

Fig. 25A is a view of the bent top after rolling.

Fig. 26 is a view of the finished drum.

Fig. 27 is the polar coordinate diagram mentioned heretofore.

As shown in Figs. 1 and 2, the frame ofthe 15 the end plate l and through the centers of the machine comprises an end plate I and three supporting rings I2 and I3. The end plate l0 and the adjacent ring II are braced in spaced relation by the cross beams l4 and 15, the outer ends of which are flared to form supports for the end plate I0. The central rings H and I2 are secured to opposite ends of a central support l6 and are braced in spaced relation at the top by a cross beam H. The rings l2 and I3 are braced in spaced relation by the cross beams l8, l9 and 120. The outer end of the lower cross beams l8 and I9 flare outwardly to form supports for the ring l3.

A main shaft 2| for driving the machine extends through a suitable opening in the top of rings I, I2 and I3. One end of the shaft 2| is joumaled in a bearing 22 which is supported by an end stanchion 23 and the central portion of the shaft is journaled in the bearings 24 and 25- which are carried by the central support l6.

A clutch 26 for driving the shaft 2| is mounted thereon intermediate the end bearing 22 and the end plate Hi. The clutch 26 comprises a driving member 21 and a driven member 28. The driven member 28 is adapted to be forced into frictional engagement with the driving member 21 by a lever 29, the upper end of which is pivotally connected to a master lever 30. The lower end of the lever ;29 is pivotally connected to a bracket 3| which is secured to the end stanchion 23. The central portion of the lever 29 is pivotally connected to the driven member 28 of the clutch. When the master lever 30 moves to the right, as viewed in Fig. 1, the driven member 28 is forced into frictional engagement with the driving member 21. The driving member 21 may be rotated by any suitable source of power such as an electric motor (not shown) which may be geared directly to the driving member or coupled thereto by a belt.

A band brake 32 is mounted on the end of the shaft 2| and acts to stop the rotation of the shaft when the clutch 26 is disengaged. The band brake is operated by the master lever 30 through an L-shaped lever 33. The toe of the lever 33 is secured to the band of the brake and the heel is pivotally connected to a bracket 34 which is carried by the end bearing 22. The upper end of the lever 33 is pivotally connected to one end of a rod 35. The rod 35 has a reduced portion which is adapted to slide in a hole in the upper end of a bracket 36. The bracket 36 is adjustably connected to the master lever 30 by a set screw 31. A compression spring 38, positioned on the reduced portion of the rod 35 intermediate the collars 39 and 40, forces the upper end of lever 33 outwardly, thereby tightening the band on the brake when the clutch is disengaged. -When the master lever 38 is moved to the right, as viewed in Fig. 1, the spring is released thereby loosening the band on the brake. A nut 4| which is threaded on the end of the reduced portion 6f rod 35 prevents the reduced portion from being pulled through the hole in bracket 36 when the brake is released.

A drum holder 43 for holding a preformed cylindrical body 42 of a drum is mounted on the forward end of the main drive shaft 2| and rotates in unison therewith. As shown more clearly in Fig. 7, the loading or forward wall of the drum holder comprises two metal rings 44 and 45 which are keyed to the shaft 2| and held in spaced relation by a collar 46. The outer ring 44 is provided with a tapered flange 41 to facilitate loading the preformed cylindrical bodies on the drum holder. The rear wall of the drum holder comprises two rings 48 and 49 which are keyed to the shaft 2| and held in spaced relation by a collar 50. The inner walls 45 and 48 are braced in spaced relation by cross beams 5| which also serve as the outer frame of the drum holder. A plurality of expander segments 52 are positioned between the rings 44 and 45 of the front wall at their outer peripheries and similar expander segments 53 are positioned between the rings 48 and 49 of the rear wall. The segments 52 and 53 are adapted and arranged to automatically expand outwardly into frictional engagement with the inner surface of the cylindrical body 42 when the machine starts and to automatically withdraw from the inner surface of the cylindrical body when the machine stops. The expansion and contraction of the segments 5.2 and 53 is accomplished by a lever 54, the upper end of which is pivotally connected to the master lever 30. As shown more clearly in Fig. 11, the lever 54 comprises two of!- set bars 55 and 56. The lower end of the bars 55 and 56 are pivotally connected to a bracket 51 which is carried by the ring |2. The central portion of the bars are pivotally connected to opposite sides of a collar 58 which is keyed to the shaft 2| and adapted and arranged to slide thereon. The collar 58 is provided with a plurality of radial projections 59 having slots therein within which the ends of levers 60 are connected. As shown in Fig. 7, the levers 60 extend outwardly along the shaft through the walls of the holder in sliding contact with spacer collars 46 and 50. The expander segments 52 are pivotally connected to the levers 68 by bars 6| which extend through radial slots in the ring 45, and angularly disposed adjustable links 62. In like manner the expander segments 53 are pivotally connected to the levers 60 by bars 63 which extend through radial slots in the ring 49 and angularly disposed adjustable links 64. Tension springs 65 are positioned within the drum holder to facilitate the expansion of the expander segments when the machine is started. The springs are connected at one end to bolts 66 which are secured to the front wall of the drum holder and at the other end to bars 61 which are connected to adjacent levers 68 (Fig. 8). When the lever 54 is in the position shown in Figs. 1 and 2, the ex-' pander segments are collapsed. When the lever 54 is moved by the master lever 30 to the left, as viewed in Fig. 2, the levers 60 are forced outwardly. As the levers 60 move outwardly they release the tension on springs 65 and tend to straighten the angularly disposed links 62 and 64 and as a result the expander segments are forced outwardly into firm frictional engagement with the inner surface of the cylinder 42. The intensity of the frictional engagement between the expander segments and the cylinder may be regulated by regulating the stroke of levers 6|), by regulating the lengths of the links 62 and 64 or by regulating both the stroke of the levers and the lengths of the links.

The front part of the drum holder 43 is provided with a clutch 66' against which the premediate the rear face of the clutch and the face The position of the bar may be adjusted on the bolts to pe mit cylinders of different lengths to be placed in position on the drum holder.

As shown more clearly in Figs. 1, 2 and 4, an

air cylinder 14, which operates the master lever 30 to start and stop the machine, is mounted on the ring I3. The air cylinder is operated by a four-way air cook 15 which is also mounted on the ring I3. A pipe 16 leads from one side of the air cock to the rear of the cylinder and a similar pipe 11 leads to the front of the cylinder, as viewed in Fig. 2. Air under pressure is supplied to the remaining opposite side, of the air cock 15 by suitable pipes (not shown). As shown more clearly in Fig. 2, the piston rod I8 of the air cylinder is pivotally connected to the master lever 30 which operates the-band brake 32, the clutch 26 and the expander segments 52 and 53 of the drum holder 43. The piston rod'18 is slidably journaled in a bracket 19 which is secured to the cross beam 20. When air under pressure is admitted to the left of the cylinder, as viewed in Fig. 2, the master lever 30 is in the position shown and the band brake 32 is operated, the clutch 26 is disengaged and the expanded segments 52 and 53 are collapsed. When air under pressure is admitted to the right of the cylinder, as viewed in Fig. 2, the master lever 30 moves to the left thereby releasing the band brake 32, engaging the clutch 26 and expanding the expander segments 52 and 53. As shown more clearly in Figs. 4, l4, l5 and 16,

the four-way air cook 15 is operated by a lever 80, a handle 8| and a control lever 82. The handle 8| is provided with a hub portion 83 and a reduced stud portion 84. The upper end of the control lever is provided with a relatively narrow slot 85 and a relatively wide slot 86 which opens from the narrow slot. The wide slot 86 permits the hub portion 83 of the handle to slide therein while the narrow slot 85 permits only the reduced stud portion 84 of the handle to slide therein. A compression spring 81 positioned on the reduced stud portion 84 acts to snap the hub portion 83 into the wide slot 86 when the handle is moved upwardly. To start the machine the handle 8| is pulled outwardly until thehub portion 83 is disengaged from the wide slot 86. The reduced stud portion 84 carrying the lever is then pushed downwardly through the narrow slot by handle 8| thereby forcing air under pressure from the air cook 15 to the rear of the air cylinder 14 to operate the master lever 30. The lower end of the lever 82 is connected to a shaft I49 to automatically stop the machine after a complete shown by the polar chart, the shaft 2| makes forty-two and one-quarter revolutions while the cam block makes one revolution. It is to be understood, however, that satisfactory results may be obtained by rotating the shaft at a greater or lesser rate of speed with respect to the cam block. The shaft I08 carrying the gears I01 and I09 is journaled at one end in a bearing I I0 which is supported by the end plate I0, and at the other end iln a bearing III which is carried by the ring I.

The cams on the cam block engage suitable cam followers at the rear end of the machine, which through a system of levers operate a swing carriage and a plurality of forming rollers at the front end of the machine in a predetermined manner.

As shown in Figs. 1, 3 and 4, the cam assembly 92 as it rotates, engages the cam follower or guide roller H2. The roller H2 is rotatably mounted on one end of a shaft I I3, the other end of which is secured to the lower end of a slide plate H4. The plate I I4 is adapted to slide in a suitable slide box II5 which is carried by ring II. The central portion of the slide plate I I4 is pivotally connected to the lower end of a rod H6. The upper end of rod H6 is pivotally connected to the rear end of .a lever arm H1. The central portion of lever arm H1 is balanced on a rocker arm support II8 which is carried by ring I2. The front end of the lever arm II1 (Figs. 1 and 4) is pivotally connected to the upper end of a rod I I9. The lower end of the rod H9 is pivotally connected to the central portion of a slide plate I20. The plate I20 is adapted to slide in a slide box |2I which is carried by the ring I3. The lower end of the plate I20 carries a. shaft I22 onwhich a forming roller I23 is rotatably mounted. Tension springs I24 and I25 act to maintain the guide roller H2 in contact with the cam assembly 92 as it rotates. By this arrangement any movement imparted to the guide roller I I2-by the cam assembly 92, at the rear of the machine, is trans- 'mitted in the opposite direction over lever II1 to guide roller I21. The guide roller I21 is mounted on a shaft I28 which is carried at one end of a swing lever I29. The other end of the swing lever I29 is keyed to the rear end of a shaft I30 which extends along the machine above the main shaft 2|. One end of the shaft I30 is journaled in a bearing I3I carried by the ring II and the other end of the shaft is journaled in the bearing I32 carried by the ring I3. A similar swing lever I33 (Fig. 4) is keyed to shaft I30 at the front end of the machine. The swing lever I33 carries a shaft I34 on which a forming roller I35 is rotatably mounted. The'ends of swing levers I29 and I33 are weighted by weights I36, I36 to maintain the guide roller I21 in contact with cam 93. By this arrangement the radial movement imparted to guide roller I21 by the cam assembly 93 in the rear of the machine is transmltted by shaft I30 to the forming roller I35 in the front of the machine.

Also as the cam assembly 93 rotates the cam assembly 94 which is securedthereto (Fig. 5)

The guide roller beam I5 and the upper end of the lever is pivotally connected to the outer end of a rod I39. The inner end of the rod I39 is connected to the rear end of the shaft I30. When the cam assembly 94 engages the guide roller I91, the shaft I30, carrying the forming roller I at the front end thereof, is moved axially inwardly. As soon as the guide roller I31 becomes disengaged from the cam assembly 94, it is actuated by the cam assembly 95 (Fig. 6). The cam .assembly 95 forces the shaft I30 carrying the forming roller I35 axially outwardly.

As shown in Figs. 1, 4, 9 and 13, a guide roller 1481s actuated by the cam assembly 96 at the rear of the machine. The roller I is rotatably mounted on a shaft I which is carried by a swing lever I42. The swing lever I42 is pivotally secured by a pin I43 to the end plate I0. An adjustable lever I44 connects the swing lever I42 to a shaft I45 journaled in bearings I46 and I41 of a U-shaped lever I48, which is keyed to shaft I49. The shaft I49 extends along the lower part of the machine and is journaled at one end in a bearing I50 carried by the end plate I0 and at the other end in a bearing I5I carried by the ring I3 at the forward end of the machine as viewed in Fig. l. A spiral gear I52 is keyed to the forward end of the shaft I49 and meshes with a spiral gear I53 which is keyed to the lower end of a shaft I 54. The shaft I54 is positioned in an angle of approximately 25 to the vertical center line in the front of the machine (Fig. 4), and is journaled in the bearings I55 and I56, which are secured to the ring I3. A swing carriage comprising a U-shaped lever I51, which carries. a hub I58, is secured to the shaft I54. One end of a bearing pin I59 is secured in the hub I 58. A plate I60, having bearing I 6|, is rotatably mounted on the pin I59. A magneto set I62 is mounted on the back of the plate I to render the plate magnetic.

As the guide roller I40 moves tothe right as viewed in Fig. 5, under the influence'of the cam the left under the influence of the cam assembly 96, the shaft I49 is rotated anti-clockwise and the swing carriage is restored to its normal position.

The U-shaped lever I51 is adjustably mounted on shaft I54 by set screws I63 and I64 and since shaft I54 is positioned in an angle to the vertical center line, the position of the swing carriage may be adjusted radially so that the plate I60 is swung against the central portion of the clutch 66' on the face of the drum holder.

The bearing pin I59 is adjustably secured in the hub I58 by set screws I65 and I66 to permit axial adjustment of the plate I60.

The bearings I55 and I56 in which shaft I54 rotates and the bearing I 6I which rotates on bearing pin I59 are desirably provided with ball bearings.

A stop I61 (Fig. 13) is secured to the ring I3 against which the plate I60 rests when in its normal position.

As shown in Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4, a guide roller I68 is actuated by the cam assembly 91. The roller I68 is rotatably mounted on a shaft I69 which is secured to the inner end of a slide plate I10. The slide plate I 10 is adapted to slide in a slide box "I which is carried by the ring II. The central portion of the slide plate I 10 is pivotally connected to the inner end of an adjustable rod I12. The outer end of the adjustable rod I12 is pivotally connected to the rear end of a lever I13 as viewed in Fig. 1. The central portion of the lever I13 is balanced on a rocker arm support I14 which is carried by the ring I2. The front end of the lever I13 is pivotally connected to the outer end of an adjustable rod I15. The inner end of the adjustable rod I15 is secured to the central portion of a slide plate I16. The slide plate I16 is adapted to slide in a slide box I11, which is carried by the ring I3. The inner end of the slide plate I16 carries a shaft I18 on which a forming roller I19 is rotatably mounted. Tension springs I and I9I act to maintain the roller I68 in contact with the cam assembly 91. By this arrangement the radial motion imparted to roller I68 by the cam assembly 91, in the rear of the machine, is transmitted. in the opposite direction by the lever I13 to the forming roller I19 in the front part of the machine.

As shown by Figs. 2 and 3, a guide roller I83 is actuated by the cam assembly98. The roller I83 is rotatably mounted on one end of a shaft I84, the other end of which is secured to the inner end of a slide plate I85. The slide plate I85 is adapted to slide in a slide box I86, which is secured to the ring II. The central portion of the slide plate I85 is pivotally secured to the inner end of an adjustable rod I81. The outer end of the rod I81 is pivotally connected to the right end of a lever I88 as viewed in Fig. 2. The central portion of the lever I88 is balanced on a rocker arm support I89 carried by the ring I2. The left end of the lever I88 is connected to the outer end of an adjustable rod I89. The inner end of the adjustable rod I89 is pivotally secured to the central portion of a slide plate I90. The slide plate I90 is adapted to slide in a slide box I 9I which is secured to the ring I3. The inner end of the slide plate I90 carries a shaft I92 on which a forming roller I93 is rotatably mounted. Tension springs I94 and I95 act to maintain the guide roller I83 in contact with the cam assembly 98. By this arrangement the radial movement imparted to the guide roller I83 by the cam assembly 91 in the rear of the machine is transmitted in the opposite direction over lever I88 to the forming roller I 93 in the front part of the machine.

As shown in Figs. 1, 2, 3, 10, 11 and 12, two shafts I91 and I98 are positioned under the main shaft 2I. Shaft I91 is journaled in bearings I99 and 200 which are carried by the center support I6. Shaft I98 is journaled in bearings 20I and 202 which are carried by rings II and I2, respectively. Angle levers 203 and 204 (Fig. 10) are keyed to the rear end of the shaft I91. The angle lever 203 carries a shaft 205 on which a guide roller 206 is rotatably mounted. The angle lever 204 carries a shaft 201 on which a guide roller 208 is rotatably mounted. Similar angle-levers 209 and 2I0 (Fig. 11) are keyed to the forward end of the shaft I91. The angle lever 209 carries a shaft 2 on which a forming roller 2I2 is mounted and the angle lever 2I0 carries a shaft 2I3 on which a forming roller 2I4 is mounted. Similar angle levers 2| 5 and 2I6 (Fig. 3) are keyed to the rear end of the shaft I 98. The angle lever 2I5 carries a shaft 2I1 on which a guide roller 2I8 is rotatably mounted and angle lever 2I8 carries a shaft 2I9 on which a guide roller 220 is rotatably mounted. Similar angle levers 22I and 222 (Fig. 11) are keyed to the forward end of the shaft I98. The angle lever 22I carries a shaft 223 on which a forming roller 224 is rotatably mounted and the angle lever 222 carries a shaft 225 on which 'a forming roller 228 is rotatably mounted.

As the cam assembly 98 rotates it moves the roller 208 and the angle lever 2,04 downwardly thereby rotating the shaft I91. As shaft I91 rotates, the forming roller 2 I2 is moved downwardly by the lever 209 and the forming roller 2I4 is moved upwardly by the lever 2I0.

As the cam assembly 99 rotates it engages the guide roller 2I8 and moves the angle lever 2I5 downwardly thereby rotating the shaft I98 in a direction opposite to the direction in which shaft I91 is rotating. As the shaft I98 rotates it moves the lever 222 and the forming roller 226 downwardly and moves the lever 22I and the forming roller 224 upwardly.

As soon as the cam assembly 98 frees the guide roller 208 the cam assembly I engages the guide roller 208 and moves the lever 203 downwardly thereby rotating shaft I91 in the opposite direction. As the shaft I91 rotates in this direction it moves the lever 2I0 and the forming roller 2I4 downwardly and the lever 209 and the forming roller 2I2 upwardly.

After the cam assembly 99 frees the guide roller 2I8 it engages roller 220 and moves lever 2I6 upwardly thereby rotating shaft I98 in the opposite direction. As the shaft I98 moves in this direction it moves the lever 22I and the forming roller 224 downwardly.

The cam assembly I00 in its rotation also engages the lever 204 and moves shaft I91 back to its original position. The cam assembly 98 in its rotation also engages the lever 2 I5 and moves the shaft I98 back to its original position.

At the beginning of a cycle of operation, the machine is in the position shown in Figs. 1 and 2, that is, the driving member 21 'of the clutch is disengaged from the driven member 28, the hand brake 32 is tightened on shaft 2I and the expander segments 52 and 53 of the drum holder are collapsed. A preformed cylinder 42 is then placed on the drum holder 43 against the back stop 12 and a preformed bottom plate is placed on the plate I60 of the swing carriage. As shown in Fig. 19, the preformed plate has a plurality of annular corrugations 228 and an offset flange 229. The machine is then started by manipulating the handle 8| thereby rotating the main shaft 2I, the drum holder 43 and expanding the expander segments 52 and 53 outwardly into frictional engagement with the body portion 42. As the main shaft 2I rotates it rotates the cam block 90. The various automatic operations controlled by this cam block and their sequence and duration will be more clearly understood by reference to polar chart shown in Fig. 2'7. The various polar curves of this chart are drawn with reference to the zero or startmg position to indicate the displacement of the several guide rollers, the curve number indicating the particular guide roller in each case.

As shown by curve II2 on this polar chart approximately one and one-half revolutions of the main shaft 2I, the cam assembly 92 begins to force the guide roller II2 upwardly in the rear of the machine thereby forcing the forming roller I 23 downwardly in the front of the machine. At approximately four and one-half revolutions the forming roller I 23 is forced downwardly into contact with the outer surface of the cylinder 42 as shown in Fig. 20. This forming roller is maintained in contact with the outer surface of the cylinder until about the beginning of the tenth revolution of the shaft at which time the cam assembly 92 begins to lower the guide roller I I2 in the rear of the machine thereby raising the forming roller out of contact with the outer surface of the cylinder. At approximately the beginning of the twelfth revolution the forming roller has been restored to its initial position.

As shown by curve I21 on this chart at approximately the beginning of the second revolution of the main shaft 2I, the cam assembly 93 begins toforce the guide roller I21 in the rear of the machine downwardly thereby lowering the forming roller I 35 in the front of the machine, as shown in Fig. 20. At approximately the beginning of the fifth revolution of the main shaft, the forming roller I35, in .the front of the machine, is lowered to its lowermost position, that is, it is below the inner surface of the cylinder. After approximately two and one-half revolutions of the main shaft 2I, as shown by curve I31, the cam assembly 94 begins to force the guide roller I31 in the rear portion of the machine backwardly thereby forcing the forming roller I35 inwardly. After approximately six revolutions of the shaft, or shortly after the roller has been lowered to its lowermost position, the roller'is forced inwardly below the outer edge of the cylinder. It is thus seen that as roller I35 moves radially it also moves axially and that it is lowered to its lowermost position shortly before it is moved to its innermost position thereby permitting it to clear the outer edge of the cylinder. As shown by curve I21, as soon as the roller I35 is moved into the outer end of the cylinder it is gradually forced upwardly, guide roller I I2 in the meantime keeping forming roller I23 in contact with the cylinder and guide roller I35 keeping the forming roller I35 axially displaced inwardly. As forming roller I 35 moves upwardly it bends the outer edge of the cylinder backwardly against forming roller I23 to form a flange 230. After approximately 10 revolutions of the shaft the flange is formed and guide roller I I2 in the rear of the machine is lowered thereby raising the forming roller I23 to its initial position. At approximately the beginning of the tenth revolution the cam assembly 95 engages the guide roller I31 and the cam assembly 94 becomes disengaged therefrom. As the cam assembly 95 engages the guide roller I31 it forces shaft I30 and the forming roller I35 axially outwardly to restore the forming roller I35 to its initial position.

At approximately the beginning of the fifth revolution or during the formation of the flange, as shown by curve I40, the cam assembly 96 engages the guide roller I40 in the rear ofthe machine and gradually swings the plate I80 carrying the preformed drum bottom towards the clutch 66 at the front end of the drum holder 43. At approximately the beginning of the sixteenth revolution, or after the flange 230 has been formed and the forming rollers I 23 and I35 have been restored to their initial position, the plate I60 places the preformed drum bottom against the face of the clutch 66 so that the flange portion 229 of the preformed bottom is adjacent the flange 230, as shown in Fig. 21. As the preformed bottom is placed against the face of the clutch, the layer of frictional material 10 on drum bottom and rotates it and the plate I60 in unison therewith. The compression springs 89 maintain the layer of frictional material 10 in engagement with the drum bottom.

As shown by curve I68, after approximately fourteen and one-half revolutions of the main shaft, or shortly before the preformed bottom is placed against the flange 230, the guide roller I88 is actuated by the cam assembly 98 and as a. result the forming roller I19 is forced inwardly. At approximately the beginning of the eighteenth revolution, or shortly after the preformed bottom has been placed against the flange 230, the forming roller I19 has been lowered until it is in contact with the flange. From approximately the beginning of the nineteenth revolution to approximately the beginning of the twenty-eighth revolution the forming roller I19 is gradually forced downwardly to roll the flanges 229 and 2330 together, as shown in Fig. 22. From the beginning of the twenty-eighth revolution to the beginning of the thirty-first revolution, that is, after the flanges 229 and 230 have been rolled together, the forming roller I19 is returned to its initial position.

As shown by curve I83, at the beginning of approximately the twenty-third revolution of the shaft, the cam assembly 99 engages guide roller I83 and forces the forming roller I93 at the front of the machine downwardly. At approximately the beginning of the twenty-fifth revolution the forming roller I93 is forced into contact with the joint formed by roller I19. From the beginning of the twenty-fifth to approximately the beginning of the thirty-second revolution the forming roller I93 is gradually forced downwardly to flatten the rolled joint formed by roller I19, as shown in Fig. 23. From approximately the beginning of the thirty-second revolution to approximately the beginning of the thirty-fifth revolution the guide roller I83 forces the flattening cam I93 back to its initial position.

During the rolling and flattening of the joint between the preformed bottom and the flange, the top of the drum is flanged to enable it to receive a temporary cover. This operation is carried out in two steps, the first step being performed by forming rollers 2I2 and 224, and the second step being carried out by forming rollers 2I4 and 226. The forming rollers 2I2 and 224 are operated by guide rollers 208 and 220, respectively, which are positioned at the rear of the machine. The forming rollers 2I4 and 226 are operated by guide rollers 206 and 2 I8, respectively, which are also positioned at the rear end of the machine. To permit the drum to be easily and completely unloaded the flange on the top of the drum is desirably formed so that its diameter is slghtly greater than the diameter of the drum and for this reason roller 2I2 is lowered shortly before collar 2I4 is raised. After approximately thirteen and one-half revolutions, as shown by curve 208', the cam assembly 98 in rotating anticlockwise, as viewed in Fig. 10, moves the guide roller 208 downwardly thereby rotating shaft I91 in a clockwise direction, as viewed in Fig. 10, and anti-clockwise, as viewed in Fig. 11. As shaft I91 rotates anti-clockwise, as viewed in Fig. 11, the forming roller 2I2 is forced downwardly. At approximately the beginning of the sixteenth revolution the. forming roller 2I2 is brought into contact with the lower inner surface of the drum and is maintained in this position until approximately the beginning of the seventeenth revolution.

the face of the clutch engages the preformed As shown by curve 220', at approximately the beginning of the sixteenth revolution, the cam assembly 99 in rotating anti-clockwise, as viewed in Fig. 3, engages the guide roller 2I8 and forces it downwardly thereby rotating shaft I98 anticlockwise, as viewed in Fig. 3, and clockwise, as viewed in Fig. 11. As shaft I98 rotates clockwise, as viewed in Fig. 11, it forces the forming roller 224 upwardly. At approximately the beginning of the seventeenth revolution the forming roller 224 is forced into contact with the outer surface of the drum, at which time guide roller 208, under the influence of the cam assembly 98, acts to force the forming roller 2I2 further downwardly to bend the drum, as shown in Fig. 24. The forming rollers 2| 2 and 224 are maintained in this position until the beginning of approximately the twenty-first revolution. Since the forming roller 2I4 is also operated by the shaft I91 which operates the forming roller 2I2 and the forming roller 226 is operated by the shaft I98 which operates the forming roller 224, the forming roller's '2I4 and 228 are spread apart when the formingrollers 2| 2 and 224 are brought together thereby permitting the bent edge of the drum to pass between the forming rollers 2I4 and 226.

' As soon as the cam assembly 98 freesroller 208,.

thereby turning the shaft I91 anti-clockwise, as. viewed in Fig. 10, and clockwise, as viewed in;

Fig. 11. As shaft I91 rotates clockwise, as viewed in Fig. 11, it forces the forming roller 2 downwardly into contact with the bent edge of the drum. Shortly after the beginning of the twentythird revolution, the cam assembly 99 frees roller 2I8 and moves roller 220 downwardly thereby rotating shaft I98 clockwise, as viewed in Fig. 3, and anti-clockwise, as viewed in Fig. 11. As shaft I98 rotates anti-clockwise, as viewed in Fig. 11, it forces the forming roller 226 upwardly into contact with the bent edge of the drum and holds it in place while the forming roller 2I4 moves still further downwardly to roll the bend on the top of the drum, as shown in Fig. 25.

At the end of approximately thirty-three and one-half revolutions, the cam assembly 98 engages the lever 203 on which roller 206 is mounted and forces the roller back to its initial position and the cam assembly 91 engages the lever 2I5 on which roller 2I8 is mounted and forces the roller back to its initial position.

After the end of approximately the thirty-fifth revolution, the cam assembly 96 raises the guide roller I40 and rotates shaft I49 anti-clockwise thereby restoring the plate I60 to its initial position.

While shaft I49 is rotating to swing plate I60 carrying the preformed bottom against the end of the cylinder, lever 82 is pulled downwardly thereby permitting the hub portion 83 of the starting handle 8| to be pulled through the wide slot 86 by spring 81. When the direction of rotation of shaft I49 is reversed the lever 82 forces the handle 8| upwardly thereby reversing the flow of air in the air cylinder and stopping the machine.

While the present invention is described in connection with the formation of circular drums it is to be understood that it is equally applicable to the formation of drums having other shapes. It is also to be understood that various modifications may be made in the construction of the machine.

I claim:

.ilange, a plurality of shaft and expanding engagement with the 1. In a drum making machine, the combination of a rotatable drum holder adapted to engage thebody portion of a drum and to hold the drum in a horizontal position, a plurality of forming rollers for forming a flange on one end of said body portion, a carriage for swinging a preformed drum bottom into position against said forming rollers for uniting said preformed drum bottom and said flange, and a plurality of rollers for forming a temporary cover holding flange on the other end of said body portion.

2. In a drum making machine, the combination of a main shaft, an expandible drum holder mounted on said shaft, means for rotating said said drum holder into engagement with the body'portion of a drum, means for forming a flange on one end of said. body portion, a swing carriage for advancing a preformed drum bottom adjacent said flange, a plurality of rollers for uniting said flange and said preformed bottom, and a plurality of rollers for forming a temporary cover holding flange on the other end of said body portion.

3. In adrum making machine, the combination of a main shaft, an expandible drum holder mounted on said shaft, means for rotating said shaft and expanding said drum holder into en-' gagement with the body portion of a drum, a plurality of rollers for forming a flange on one end of said body portion, a 'swirg carriage having a plate rotatably mounted thereon and adapted to carry a preformed drum bottom, means for advancing said plate and said preformed bottom adjacent said flange, a plurality of rollers for uniting said flange and said preformed bottom, and a plurality of rollers for forming a temporary cover holding flange on the other end of said body portion.

4. In a drum making machine, the combination of a main drive shaft, an expandible drum holder mountedon said shaft, a clutch mounted on a face of said drum holder, means for rotating said shaft and expanding said drum holder into. body portion of a drum, a plurality of forming rollers for forming a flange on one end of said body portion, a swing carriage having a plate rotatably secured thereto and adapted to carry a preformed drum bottom, means for advancing said plate carrying a .preformed drum bottom against said clutch and said flange, a plurality of rollers for uniting said preformed drum bottom and said flange and a plurality of rollers for forming a temporary cover holding flange on the other end of said body portion.

5. In a drum making machine, the combination of a main driving shaft, an expandible drum holder mounted on said shaft, means for rotating said shaft and expanding said drum holder into engagement with the body portion of a drum, a plurality of rollers for forming a flange on one end of said body portion, a swing carriage having a plate rotatably mounted thereon, a magneto set mounted on said plate for rendering said plate magnetic to carry a preformed drum bottom, means for advancing said plate and a preformed drum bottom adjacent said flange, a plurality of rollers for uniting said flange and said preformed drum bottom, and a plurality of rollers for forming a temporary cover holding flange at the other end of said body portion.

6. In a drum making machine, the combination of a main shaft, an expandible drum holder mounted on said shaft, means for simultaneously rotating said. shaft and expanding said drum holder into engagement with the body portion of a drum, a plurality of rollers for forming a flange onione end of said body portion, a swing carriage for advancing a preformed drum bottom adjacent said flange, a plurality of rollers for uniting said flange and said preformed bottom, a plurality of rollers for forming a temporary co er holding flange at the other end of bow portion and means for auomatically stopping said shaft and disengaging said drum holder from said body portion after a complete circle of operation.

'7. In a drum making machine, the combination of a main shaft, an expandible drum holder mounted on said shaft, means for simultaneously rotating said shaft and expanding said drum holder into engagement with the body portion of a drum, a plurality of cam opera ed rollers for forming a flange on one end of said body portion, a cam operated swing carriage for advancing a preformed drum bottom adjacent said flange, a plurality of cam operated rollers for uniting said flange and said preformed bottom and a plurality of cam operated rollers for forming a temporary cover holding flange at the other end of said body portion.

8. In a drum making machine the combination of a main shaft, 'an expandible drum holder mounted on said shaft, means for simultaneously rotating said shaft and expanding said drum a holder into engagement with the body portion of a drum, a plurality of cam operated rollers for forming a flange on one end of said body portion,

a cam operated swing carriage for advancing a preformed drum bottom adjacent said flange, a plurality of cam operated rollers for uniting said flange and said preformed bottom, a plurality of rollers for forming a temporary cover holding flange at the other end of said body portion, and cam operated means for automatically stopping the machine.

9. In a drum making machine, the combination of a main shaft, an expandible drum holder moun ed on said shaft, means for simultaneously rotating said shaft and expanding said shaft and expanding said drum holder into engagement with the body portion of a drum, a cam block. means for rotating said cam block with respect to said shaft, a plurality of rollers acuated by said cam block for forming a flange on one end of said body portion, a swing carriage actuated by said cam block for advancing a preformed drum bottom adjacent said flange, a plurality of rollers actuated'by said cam block for uniting said flange and said preformed drum bottom, and a plurality of rollers actuated by said cam block for forming a temporary cover holding flange on the other end of said body portion.

10. In a drum making machine, the combination of a main drive shaft, an expandible drum holder mounted on said shaft, means for simultaneou'sly rotating said shaft and expanding said drum holder into engagement wi h the body por-' tion of a drum, a cam block, means for rotating said cam block with respect to said shaft, a plurality of rollers actuated by said cam block for forming a flange on one end of said body portion, a swing carriage actuated by said cam block for advancing a preformed drum bottom adjacent said flange, a plurality of rollers actuated by said cam block for uniting said flange to said preformed drum bottom, a plurality of rollers actuated by said cam block for forming a temporary cover holding flange on the other end of said body portion, and means actuated by said cam block for automatically stopping said shaft and wi hdrawing said drum holder out of engagement with said body portion after a complete cycle of operation. 4

11. In a drum making machine, the combination of a main drive shaft, an expandible drum holder mounted on said shaft, means for simultaneously rotating said shaft and expanding said drum holder into engagement with the body portion of a drum, a cam block rotatably mounted on said shaft, and rotated thereby at a speed other than the speed at which said shaft is rotated, a plurality of rollers actuated by said cam block for forming a flange on one end of said body portion, a swing carriage actuated by said cam block for advancing a preformed drum bottom adjacent said flange, a plurality of rollers actuatedby said cam block for uniting said flange and said preformed drum bottom, a plurality of rollers actuated by said cam block for forming a temporary cover holding flange at the other end of said body portion, and means actuated by said cam block for automatically stopping said shaft and disengaging said drum holder from said body portion after a complete cycle of operation.

12. In a drum making machine, the combination of a main-Idrive shaft, an expandible drum holder mounted on said shaft, means for simultaneously rotating'said shaft and expanding said drum holder into engagement with the body portion of a drum, a cam block rotatably mounted on said shaft and rotated thereby at a speed other than that at which said shaft is rotated, a plurality of cam assemblies actuated on said cam block, a plurality of rollers actuated by a plurality of said cam assemblies for forming a flange on one end of said body portion, a swing carriage actuated by one of said cam assemblies for advancing a preformed drum adjacent said flange, a plurality of rollers actuated by a plurality of said cam assemblies for uniting said flange to said preformed drum bottom, a plurality of rollers actuated by a plurality of said cam assemblies for forming a temporary cover holding flange on the other end of said body portion, and means actuated by the cam assembly which actuates said swing carriage for automatically stopping the shaft and disengaging said drum holder from said body portion after a complete cycle of operation.

13. In a drum making machine, the combination with a rotatable shaft, of an expandible holder mounted on said shaft and adapted to hold a preformed cylindrical drum body, said holder -comprising a plurality of radially movable expander segments at each end of said holder, a plurality of longitudinally movable levers disposed parallel to said shaft, means pivotally connecting each of said levers with a pair of said expander segments, and means for moving said levers longitudinally to effect a radial movement of said expander segments and force the segments into engagement with the inner wall of a drum body on said holder.

14. Ina drum making machine, the combination of a rotatable drum holder adapted to engage the body portion of a drum and to hold it in a horizontal position, a plurality of rollers for forming a flange on one end of said body portion, a carriage having a plate rotatably secured thereto for supporting and swinging a preformed drum bottom which has been manually positioned on said plate into a vertical position against said flange, means for actuating said swing carriage, and a plurality of rollers for uniting said preformed drum bottom and said flange.

15, In a drum making machine, the combination of a main shaft, an expandible drum holder mounted on said shaft, means for rotating said shaft and expanding said drum holder into engagement with the body portion of. a drum, means for forming a flange on one end of said body portion, a swing carriage for advancing a preformed drum bottom adjacent said flange, and a plurality of rollers for uniting said flange and said preformed bottom.

16. In a drum making machine, the combination of a main shaft, an expandible drum holder mounted 'on said shaft, means for rotating said shaft and expanding said drum holder into engagement with the body portion of a drum, a plurality of rollers for forming a flange on one end of said body portion, a swing carriage having a plate mounted theremnd adapted to carry a preformed drum bottom, means for actuating said swing carriage to advance said plate and said preformed bottom adjacent to said flange, and a plurality of rollers for uniting said flange and said preformed bottom.

17. In a drum making machine, the combination of a main driving shaft, an expandible drum holder mounted on said shaft, means for rotating said shaft and expanding said drum holder into engagement with the body portion of a drum, a. plurality of rollers for forming a flange on one end of said body portion, a swing carriage having a plate mounted thereon and adapted to carry a preformed drum bottom, induction means on said plate for rendering said plate magnetic to hold the preformed drum bottom thereon, means for advancing said plate and the preformed drum bottom adjacent said flange, and a plurality of rollers for uniting said flange and said preformed drum bottom.

18. In a drum making machine, the combination of a main shaft, an expandible drum holder mounted on said shaft, means for simultaneously rotating said shaft and expanding said drum holder into engagement with the body portion of a drum, a plurality of cam operated rollers for forming a flange on one end of said body portion, a cam operated swing carriage for advancing a preformed drum bottom adjacent said flange, and a plurality of cam operated rollers for uniting said flange and said preformed bottom.

JOSEPH F. ESCH. 

